MobileOne

An Improved One millisecond Mobile Backbone

Introduction

Mobileone is proposed by apple and based on reparameterization. On the apple chips, the accuracy of the model is close to 0.76 on the ImageNet dataset when the latency is less than 1ms. Its main improvements based on RepVGG are fllowing:

• Reparameterization using Depthwise convolution and Pointwise convolution instead of normal convolution.

• Removal of the residual structure which is not friendly to access memory.

Abstract

Show the paper's abstract

Efficient neural network backbones for mobile devices are often optimized for metrics such as FLOPs or parameter count. However, these metrics may not correlate well with latency of the network when deployed on a mobile device. Therefore, we perform extensive analysis of different metrics by deploying several mobile-friendly networks on a mobile device. We identify and analyze architectural and optimization bottlenecks in recent efficient neural networks and provide ways to mitigate these bottlenecks. To this end, we design an efficient backbone MobileOne, with variants achieving an inference time under 1 ms on an iPhone12 with 75.9% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet. We show that MobileOne achieves state-of-the-art performance within the efficient architectures while being many times faster on mobile. Our best model obtains similar performance on ImageNet as MobileFormer while being 38x faster. Our model obtains 2.3% better top-1 accuracy on ImageNet than EfficientNet at similar latency. Furthermore, we show that our model generalizes to multiple tasks - image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation with significant improvements in latency and accuracy as compared to existing efficient architectures when deployed on a mobile device.

How to use

The checkpoints provided are all training-time models. Use the reparameterize tool or switch_to_deploy interface to switch them to more efficient inference-time architecture, which not only has fewer parameters but also less calculations.

Predict imageUse the modelTrain/Test Command

Use classifier.backbone.switch_to_deploy() interface to switch the MobileOne to a inference mode.

>>> import torch
>>> from mmcls.apis import init_model, inference_model
>>>
>>> model = init_model('configs/mobileone/mobileone-s0_8xb32_in1k.py', 'https://download.openmmlab.com/mmclassification/v0/mobileone/mobileone-s0_8xb32_in1k_20221110-0bc94952.pth')
>>> predict = inference_model(model, 'demo/demo.JPEG')
>>> print(predict['pred_class'])
sea snake
>>> print(predict['pred_score'])
0.4539405107498169
>>>
>>> # switch to deploy mode
>>> model.backbone.switch_to_deploy()
>>> predict_deploy = inference_model(model, 'demo/demo.JPEG')
>>> print(predict_deploy['pred_class'])
sea snake
>>> print(predict_deploy['pred_score'])
0.4539395272731781

Reparameterize Tool

Use provided tool to reparameterize the given model and save the checkpoint:

python tools/convert_models/reparameterize_model.py ${CFG_PATH} ${SRC_CKPT_PATH} ${TARGET_CKPT_PATH}

${CFG_PATH} is the config file path, ${SRC_CKPT_PATH} is the source chenpoint file path, ${TARGET_CKPT_PATH} is the target deploy weight file path.

For example:

wget https://download.openmmlab.com/mmclassification/v0/mobileone/mobileone-s0_8xb32_in1k_20221110-0bc94952.pth
python ./tools/convert_models/reparameterize_model.py ./configs/mobileone/mobileone-s0_8xb32_in1k.py mobileone-s0_8xb32_in1k_20221110-0bc94952.pth mobileone_s0_deploy.pth

To use reparameterized weights, the config file must switch to the deploy config files.

python tools/test.py ${Deploy_CFG} ${Deploy_Checkpoint}

For example of using the reparameterized weights above:

python ./tools/test.py ./configs/mobileone/deploy/mobileone-s0_deploy_8xb32_in1k.py  mobileone_s0_deploy.pth

For more configurable parameters, please refer to the API.

Results and models

ImageNet-1k

Model	Params(M)	Flops(G)	Top-1 (%)	Top-5 (%)	Config	Download
MobileOne-s0	5.29（train) | 2.08 (deploy)	1.09 (train) | 0.28 (deploy)	71.34	89.87	config (train) | config (deploy)	model | log
MobileOne-s1	4.83 (train) | 4.76 (deploy)	0.86 (train) | 0.84 (deploy)	75.72	92.54	config (train) | config (deploy)	model | log
MobileOne-s2	7.88 (train) | 7.88 (deploy)	1.34 (train) | 1.31 (deploy)	77.37	93.34	config (train) |config (deploy)	model | log
MobileOne-s3	10.17 (train) | 10.08 (deploy)	1.95 (train) | 1.91 (deploy)	78.06	93.83	config (train) |config (deploy)	model | log
MobileOne-s4	14.95 (train) | 14.84 (deploy)	3.05 (train) | 3.00 (deploy)	79.69	94.46	config (train) |config (deploy)	model | log

Citation

@article{mobileone2022,
  title={An Improved One millisecond Mobile Backbone},
  author={Vasu, Pavan Kumar Anasosalu and Gabriel, James and Zhu, Jeff and Tuzel, Oncel and Ranjan, Anurag},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.04040},
  year={2022}
}